This lecture First, focusing on the development status of single-cell omics and spatial biology technology, the technology iteration path was systematically sorted out: from traditional Bulk RNA-seq to gradually developing to single-cell transcriptome (Single-cell), spatial transcriptome (Spatial) and in situ spatial detection technology (In Situ), and focused on comparing the technical characteristics and applicable scenarios of different levels of omics technologies. Subsequently, the speaker combined multiple high-level research cases of neurological diseases to demonstrate the application value and breakthrough research progress of single-cell technology in analyzing disease mechanisms. Research cases include: relying on single-nucleus RNA sequencing technology (snRNA-seq) to analyze cell type-specific changes in brain tissue of patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and clarify the abnormal characteristics of cortical neurons and microglia. ； Explore the neuroimmune activation mechanism induced by mutant huntingtin protein (mHTT) in Huntington's disease (HD) through single-cell transcriptome and epigenomics combined analysis technology ； At the same time, the latest application progress of single-cell ATAC-seq technology in the study of genetic risk sites for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) is introduced.